The mini-course on this page was developed prior to the enactment of Bills C-14 (assented to June 15, 2026) and C-16 (assented to June 18, 2026). While the information presented remains relevant, updates are being made to reflect these new legislative developments:
- The Honourable Judge Suzanne Costom, Court of Quebec
- The Honourable Justice Kate Ker, Supreme Court of British Columbia
The Honourable Judge Thierry Nadon, Court of Quebec, reviewed an earlier version of this mini-course.
As with other NJI resources, this resource is not an authority and should not be cited as such. Please do not share it outside the judiciary without express permission of the NJI.
Additional details were included following the Supreme Court’s decisions in R v Sheppard, 2025 SCC 29, and R v JW, 2025 SCC 16 in June 2026.
